There are an estimated 4 million to 33 million cases of acute gastrointestinal illness each year in the United States due to drinking water ( 3, 11). These data demonstrate that DEUF is an effective method for recovering diverse microbes from water and should be a useful tool for field-based environmental investigations. Average microbe recoveries for tap water amended with surface water (average turbidity = 4.3 NTU) were as follows: for E. The DEUF average recovery efficiencies for each study analyte in tap water were as follows: for E. Average flow rates were 2.1 liters/min for 100-liter water samples having turbidities of 0.28 to 4.3 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), and no evidence of appreciable filter clogging was observed. Microbes were recovered from ultrafilters by backflushing using a surfactant solution. Microbe recovery experiments were performed using MS2 bacteriophage, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens spores, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.
Based on hydraulic performance, the Asahi Kasei REXEED 25S ultrafilter was selected for microbe recovery experiments. Pressure, flow rate, and temperature were investigated using four hollow-fiber ultrafilter types. The hydraulics of DEUF and microbe recovery for a new DEUF method were investigated using 100-liter tap water samples. Dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) is an alternative approach to tangential-flow hollow-fiber ultrafiltration that can be readily employed under field conditions to recover microbes from water.
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